Riqueza : Carioca common bean cultivar for Southern Brazil

Santa Catarina Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company (Epagri) developed the SCS205 Riqueza bean cultivar, of the carioca seed group. This new cultivar has excellent grain yield, high sanity, with a high grain weight associated with precocity. The plants are semi-erect with undetermined growth habit, adapted to mechanical harvesting.


Breeding method
Hybrid seeds were obtained though the hybridization between BRS Campeiro (black seeds) and IAC Tybatã (carioca seeds), carried out in 2000/01 and a progress generation was conducted in 2001 to obtain the F 2 generation.In 2001/02 and 2002/03 crop years, the F 2 and F 3 generations were conducted in the field without selection.The F 4 population was conducted in the field during the 2003/04 crop year, with bulk and grain color selections.A negative selection was performed on F 5 population (2004/05) in order to eliminate undetermined type 4 plants, disease-susceptible plants, and plants with long guides.Grain quality and color selection were performed after the harvesting period.
The F 6 generation was conducted in the field during the 2005/06 crop year, with the selection of individual plants, obtaining superior lineages for the agronomic traits of plant size, sanity, number of pods, grain quality and color.The evaluation of F 7 lines was carried out in the next season (2006/07) with the selection to plant size, productivity, sanity and grain quality.The F 8 generation was evaluated in the field, with selection of lines for productive performance, grain quality and health of plants and pods.Preliminary tests for color, size, uniformity and yield evaluation were performed in 2008/09 and 2009/10 crop seasons, with F 9 and F 10 generations, respectively, in a randomized complete block experiment design with four replications in 4 row and 4 meter plots.

cultivar characteristics
The yield performance of line CHC 01-175 was evaluated in some cities of Paraná (Londrina, Pato Branco, Ponta Grossa and Guarapuava), Rio Grande do Sul (Pelotas, Sobradinho, Santa Maria and São Luiz Gonzaga) and Santa Catarina (Águas de Chapecó, Canoinhas, Chapecó, Ituporanga, Ponte Serrada and Xanxerê) in 2010/11 and 2011/12 crop  years (Table 1).The control cultivars BRS Tangará (PR), Carioca (RS), SCS202 Guará (SC) and BRS Pérola (PR, RS and SC) were used for comparison.The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, without fungicide treatment and without supplemental irrigation.The plots consisted of four lines, five meters long each, spaced 0.45m apart, of which the two center rows were evaluated in four replications.For the statistical analysis (R CORE TEAM, 2015), the effects of genotypes were CHC 01-175 yield exceeded the best control cultivar by 9.63% in Paraná, and by 23.72% of controls average.In Santa Catarina, this new cultivar showed agronomic superiority of 9.06% for the best control cultivar, and 13.32% for the control average.Similar results were obtained in Rio Grande do Sul, with 8.73% superiority for the best control, and 9.14% for the control average.CHC 01-175 showed a productivity average of 2,717.55kg.ha - in all the locations, 14% higher than the average of the two cultivars used for comparison in the VCU experiments.
The line CHC 01-175 was approved as SCS205 Riqueza (Figure 2) and is recommended for all bean-cultivating regions in the South of Brazil for first and second crop seasons (water and drought periods).SCS205 Riqueza phenotypic characteristics ( Four promising lines of the same crossing were identified and evaluated by VCU tests during the season and off-season periods of the 2010/11 and 20011/12 agricultural years.After identifying the top lineage (CHC 01-175), the production of the genetic seed was initiated and purified in the next three years.All the selection cycles (Figure 1) were conducted in Chapecó, SC, (27°05'24" S, 52°39'05" W, and 668m altitude).

Table 1 .
Results of VCU experiments conducted in the states of Paraná (PR), Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) in 2010/11 and 2011/12 crop seasons (totalizing four seasons), for SCS205 Riqueza and BRS Tangará, BRS Pérola, Carioca and SCS202 Guará control cultivars.Epagri/Cepaf, Chapecó, 2016 * Presented statistically significant difference for test F at 5% of probability.P(%) -Percentage of positive relation between SCS205 Riqueza cultivar and the genotype in the column used as a control.