Characterization and classification of onion processing residue for its use as fertilizer

DOI: 10.52945/rac.v39i.2092
Published 2026-08-06

Authors

Abstract

Onion is the second-most-produced vegetable in the world, with production reaching 111 million tons in 2022. Despite its importance, the characteristics of the residue from onion processing (RBC) are still unknown. This study aimed to (1) determine the composition and nutrient content of onion processing residue, considering its fractions; (2) classify it according to Brazilian federal legislation, aiming at its possible use as fertilizer. RBC sampling was carried out at 15 different points, geographically distributed within the Municipality of Aurora–SC. These included onion processing/classification units (UBCC), inappropriate disposal sites, and common disposal locations. In the characterization process, it was observed that the residue consists of two fractions: one originating from plant tissue remains and another consisting of soil adhering to the plant tissues. In its integral form, RBC presented a density of 302.82kg/m³, a low C: N ratio (15.8:1), and a significant percentage of organic matter (64.83%) and organic carbon (20.07%). When stratified, about 38% of the residue corresponded to the soil fraction and 62% to the plant fraction. RBC presented a nitrogen content of 1.27%, suggesting potential as a source of N for area fertilization. In general terms, the nutrient content is comparable to some plant residues (e.g., coffee husks, castor bean, peanut) and animal residues (e.g., sewage sludge, solid cattle manure). 

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Keywords

  • Organic fertilizer
  • Onion peel
  • Agro-industrial residue